Development of Thermodynamics with Finite Speed and Direct Method

CONTENTS

Foreword. The origin of this book and perspectives 11

1. INTRODUCTION 13
1.1. A Brief Historical Overview 13
1.2. The Significance of the Technique in Finite Speed Thermodynamic Analysis 17
1.3. What is It and What Does the Direct Method? 18

2. FUNDAMENTALS OF IRREVERSIBLE FINITE SPEED THERMODYNAMICS (FST) IN SIMPLE SYSTEMS 19

3. FUNDAMENTALS OF IRREVERSIBLE FINITE SPEED THERMODYNAMICS (FST) IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS 49

4. THE DIRECT METHOD IN THERMODYNAMICS WITH FINITE SPEED (TFS) 72

5. ENTROPY GENERATION COMUTATION FOR REFRIGERATION CARNOT CYCLE USING THE DIRECT METHOD FORM THE FINITE SPEED THERMODYNAMICS 103

6. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, TREATED AS OPEN/CLOSED/OPEN SYSTEMS IN THERMODYNAMICS WITH FINITE SPEED 115

7. IRREVERSIBLE DIESEL CYCLE OPTIMIZATION BASED ON THE DIRECT METHOD FROM FINITE SPEED THERMODYNAMICS 135

8. REFRIGERATION CYCLES WITH VAPOR TREATED WITH THE DIRECT METHOD FROM TFS 165

9. STIRLING ENGINE CYCLES WITH FINITE SPEED. VALIDATION OF THE DIRECT METHOD 196

10. OPTIMIZATION OF THE SPEED FOR MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY AND POWER, IN CLOSED SYSTEM CARNOT CYCLE 224

11. OPTIMIZATION OF THE SPEED AND TEMPERATURE FOR MAXIMUM PERFORMANCES OF CARNOT CYCLE 235

12. OPTIMIZATION AND ENTROPY GENERATION CALCULATION FOR CARNOT CYCLES, WITH IRREVERSIBILITY DUE TO FINITE SPEED, FRICTION AND THROTTLING 253

13. THERMODYNAMICS WITH FINITE SPEED VERSUS THERMODYNAMICS IN FINITE TIME IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF CARNOT CYCLE 269

14. IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICS WITH FINITE SPEED APPLIED IN ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES (FUEL CELLS, ELECTROLYZERS AND BATTERIES) COMPARISON WITH THERMAL MACHINES 284

15. ANALYSIS OF A POLYGONAL FRESNEL MIRROR FOR A SOLAR STIRLING ENGINE WITH COGENERATION AND STORAGE 326

16. A SCHEME OF COMPUTATION OF PERFORMANCES (EFFICIENCY AND POWER) FOR SOLAR STIRLING MOTORS 348